@article{7a2e504a3e8f43db94b97b72dd4c4269,
title = "Contact geometry modification of friction-welded semi-finished products to improve the bonding of hybrid components",
abstract = "To improve the bond strength of hybrid components when joined by friction welding, specimens with various front end surface geometries were evaluated. Rods made of aluminum AA6082 (AlSi1MgMn/EN AW-6082) and the case-hardening steel 20MnCr5 (AISI 5120) with adapted joining surface geometries were investigated to create both a form-locked and material-bonded joint. Eight different geometries were selected and tested. Subsequently, the joined components were metallographically examined to analyze the bonding and the resulting microstructures. The mechanical properties were tested by means of tensile tests and hardness measurements. Three geometrical variants with different locking types were identified as the most promising for further processing in a forming process chain due to the observed material bond and tensile strengths above 220 MPa. The hardness tests revealed an increase in the steel{\textquoteright}s hardness and a softening of the aluminum near the transition area. Apparent intermetallic phases in the joining zone were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an accumulation of silicon in the joining zone was detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).",
keywords = "Friction welding, Hybrid components, Surface geometry modification, Tailored forming",
author = "Behrens, {Bernd Arno} and Johanna Uhe and Tom Petersen and Florian N{\"u}rnberger and Christoph Kahra and Ingo Ross and Ren{\'e} Laeger",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)— CRC 1153, subproject B3—252662854. The authors thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for their financial support of this project. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, J.U. and B.-A.B.; methodology, R.L. and I.R.; validation, Author Contributions: Conceptualization, J.U. and B.-A.B.; methodology, R.L. and I.R.; validation, AI.Ru.t,h To.rP.C, oFn.Ntr.iabnudti oJ.nUs.:; Cinovnecsetpigtautaiolinza, tRio.Ln.,aJ.nUd. Ia.nRd.; Bw.-rAiti.nBg.; —moerthigoidnaoll odgrya,ftR p.Lre. panarda Iti.Ron.;, vRa.lLid.;a wtiorint-, I.R., T.P., F.N. and J.U.; investigation, R.L. and I.R.; writing—original draft preparation, R.L.; writ-iIn.Rg.—, Tr.ePv.,ieFw.N a.nadn de dJ.iUtin.;gi,nJv.Ues.t, iTga.Pti.,oFn.,N R..,LC. .aKn.da nI.dR.I; .Rw.r;ivtiinsug—aliozraitgioinna,lR d.Lra.fat npdreIp.Ra.r;astuiopne,r Rvi.sLi.o; nw, rBit.--ing—review and editing, J.U., T.P., F.N., C.K. and I.R.; visualization, R.L. and I.R.; supervision, B.-choAinic.gBe—.,, lTree.Pavd.ieaswntd oanJ.adU l.ea; dprigrtoienjegscp,tJ ea.Ucdt.mr, uTinm.Pis.t,orFaf.tNpioo.n,sC, sB.iKb.-.Alea.nBimd. aIpn.Rrdo. ;Jv.vUeism.;ufaeulnniztdasitnifoogn ra,ceRqn.uLhi.saaintnicodinnI, .gBR..t-;hAseu.Bpb. eoArnvllid saiiuontngh,oBr.s-A.B., T.P. and J.U.; project administration, B.-A.B. and J.U.; funding acquisition, B.-A.B. All authors Ahave read and ha.Bv.e, rTe.Pad. a annddJ agreed to thea.Ugr.;e pedro tjoec tth aedpubpmuibnlished liissthreadti oversion of the manuscript. vne,r sBi.o-An .oBf. tahned m J.aUn.u; fsucrnidpitn. g acquisition, B.-A.B. All authors heathave read and generationagreed to theduring processingpublished andversion of the manuscript. thus diffusion of the alloying elements, though have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)— Funding: Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)— CFuRnCd 1in1g53: F, usunbdperdobjeyctt hBe3 D—e2u5t2s6ch62e8 F5o4r.s Tchhuenagustgheomrse tinhsacnhka ftth (eD GFeGr,m Gaenr mRaense Rarecshea Frcohu nFdouatniodna t(iDonF)G—) FCuRnCd i1n1g5:3F, usunbdperdobjeyctt hBe3 D—e2u5t2sc6h6e2 8F5o4r.s Tchhuenagustgheomrse itnhsacnhka ftth (eD GFGer,m Gaenrm Raense Raercshea Frcohu nFoduatnidonat i(oDnF)G—) CRC 1153, subproject B3—252662854. The authors thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) fCoRr Cth e1i1r5 f3i,n saunbcpiarlo sjuecptp Bo3r—t o2f5 t2h6is6 2p8r5o4je. cTt.h e authors thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) CfoRr Cth 1e1ir5 f3i,n saunbcpiarlo sjeucptp Bo3r—t o2f5 t2h6i6s 2p8r5o4je. cTth. e authors thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) Geofomr tehteriyr fFinwanitchiala snuuppnodret rocfu tthiasn pgrloejeoctf. 80 onthesteelsideistobeexpectedpromising for their financial support of this project. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. regarding a further increase in the bonding strength. With this geometry, not only material Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. bonIndfsobrmutedfo Crcoenasenndt fSotarmtemloecnkt:sNasotw apelpllcicaanblbe.e accomplished without a significant penetra- Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. tionInformed Consent of the aluminumStatementalloy on: Ntheot applsteelicside,able. which otherwise could lead to a premature Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available in the article. Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available in the article. Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available in the article. proAceckssnochwaleindgomf tehnetsC: TRhCe a1u1t5h3o[r8s ]a.ppreciate the support of the subproject A2 regarding tensile test-Acknowledgments: The authors appreciate the support of the subproject A2 regarding tensile test-iAncgkannodw olfe dTgomrsteennt sH: Teihdeenaubtluhot rrse gaaprpdriencgiattheet hSEe Msu pinpvoerstt iogfatthioen ssu.bproject A2 regarding tensile test-ing and of Torsten Heidenblut regarding the SEM investigations. ing and of Torsten Heidenblut regarding the SEM investigations.",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
day = "8",
doi = "10.3390/met11010115",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "1--15",
journal = "Metals",
issn = "2075-4701",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
number = "1",
}
