Modelling of dynamic scale layer growth considering temperature, time and alloying elements

authored by: Tim Bergelt, Marcel Graf, Jan Hunze-Tretow, Bernd Arno Behrens, Thomas Lampke
Abstract: During hot forming of steel oxide scaling occurs at higher temperatures caused by reactions with oxide containing atmospheres. Three characteristic iron oxides exist for steel at temperatures above 570°C: Wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3). Scale layer formation is influenced by various process parameters, such as temperature, process time and furnace atmosphere. Additionally, the base material with different alloying elements (e.g. C, Cr, Si and Ni) also affects the scale layer formation. Therefor oxide scales are very difficult to handle in the entire manufacturing process. The aim of this work is to examine and evaluate the influence of temperature, time and the alloying elements C and Cr in association with the layer growth, layer composition and thermophysical properties for scale layers. Based on the achieved correlations, a model is developed, which is able to predict the scale formation and scale properties, depending on temperature, time and alloying elements. With rising temperature and time increasing layer thicknesses were observed. Further, the additional Cr ensured lower layer thicknesses compared to the unalloyed steels. The iron oxide distribution changed with rising temperature to higher oxide containing phases like magnetite and hematite. The mathematical model, developed based on this results, is able to calculate the resulting layer structure, thickness and thermophysical properties depending on temperature, time and chemical composition of the material.
Organisation(s): Institute of Metal Forming and Metal Forming Machines
External Organisation(s): Chemnitz University of Technology (CUT)
Type: Conference contribution
Pages: 482-492
No. of pages: 11
Publication date: 2024
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: General Materials Science
Electronic version(s): https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903254-52 (Access: Open)
: Details in the research portal "Research@Leibniz University"

BibTeX

@inproceedings{f345e3429600408e962b18065f604e8d,
title = "Modelling of dynamic scale layer growth considering temperature, time and alloying elements",
abstract = "During hot forming of steel oxide scaling occurs at higher temperatures caused by reactions with oxide containing atmospheres. Three characteristic iron oxides exist for steel at temperatures above 570°C: Wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3). Scale layer formation is influenced by various process parameters, such as temperature, process time and furnace atmosphere. Additionally, the base material with different alloying elements (e.g. C, Cr, Si and Ni) also affects the scale layer formation. Therefor oxide scales are very difficult to handle in the entire manufacturing process. The aim of this work is to examine and evaluate the influence of temperature, time and the alloying elements C and Cr in association with the layer growth, layer composition and thermophysical properties for scale layers. Based on the achieved correlations, a model is developed, which is able to predict the scale formation and scale properties, depending on temperature, time and alloying elements. With rising temperature and time increasing layer thicknesses were observed. Further, the additional Cr ensured lower layer thicknesses compared to the unalloyed steels. The iron oxide distribution changed with rising temperature to higher oxide containing phases like magnetite and hematite. The mathematical model, developed based on this results, is able to calculate the resulting layer structure, thickness and thermophysical properties depending on temperature, time and chemical composition of the material.",
keywords = "Microstructure, Modelling, Scale Layer, Thermophysical Properties",
author = "Tim Bergelt and Marcel Graf and Jan Hunze-Tretow and Behrens, {Bernd Arno} and Thomas Lampke",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024, Association of American Publishers. All rights reserved.; 20th International Conference on Metal Forming, 2024 ; Conference date: 15-09-2024 Through 18-09-2024",
year = "2024",
doi = "10.21741/9781644903254-52",
language = "English",
isbn = "9781644903247",
series = "Materials Research Proceedings",
publisher = "Association of American Publishers",
pages = "482--492",
editor = "Danuta Szeliga and Krzysztof Muszka",
booktitle = "Metal Forming - 2024",
}